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Trading Choices - Appendices

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Appendix A: Human Rights Commission Recommendations

Appendix B: Trainees and apprentices

Appendix C: Information sheet

Appendix D: Interview and focus group schedule

 

 

Appendix A: Human Rights Commission Recommendations

  1. Work with Modern Apprenticeship Co-ordinators in developing strategies to encourage the recruitment of young women, Māori, Pacific people and people with disabilities into Modern Apprenticeships as supported by Section 15 of the Modern Apprenticeship Training Act 2000.
  2. Encourage the Government to promote Modern Apprenticeships to parents as a pathway for young women, Māori, Pacific people and people with disabilities in any industry.
  3. Support current industry initiatives (Industry Training Organisations and industry representatives) regarding the recruitment of young women, Māori, Pacific people and people with disabilities through secondary schools for Modern Apprenticeships.
  4. Encourage the Tertiary Education Commission to make reporting against targets for more diverse participation, a contractual requirement for Modern Apprenticeship Co-ordinators as supported by Section 13(1) of the Modern Apprenticeship Training Act 2000.
  5. Ask the Tertiary Education Commission to ensure prospective Modern Apprenticeship Co-ordinators undertake training in diversity and gender awareness before undertaking co-ordinator roles.
  6. Work with ‘champions’ of equity issues within Industry Training Organisations to provide ideas, ‘role models’ and best practice for reducing barriers to participation.
  7. Support the provision of incentives, including financial incentives, for the recruitment of young women, Māori, Pacific people and people with disabilities, where particular Industry Training Organisations have made a commitment to diversity.
  8. Support the Industry Training Federation (ITF) in its continued ‘show-casing’ of case studies addressing equity issues.
  9. Support a review of the funding criteria for Modern Apprenticeships so that it aligns with the intentions of the Industry Training Act 1992, Section 13b, which specifically encourages the promotion of training to people to whom such training has not traditionally been available.
  10. Ensure that information and marketing of the Modern Apprenticeship scheme is relevant to community groups that focus on employment issues for women, Māori, Pacific Peoples, ethnic minorities and people with disabilities.
  11. Encourage the Associate Minister for Education (Tertiary Education), who has responsibility for the Modern Apprenticeships scheme to lead initiatives to increase participation rates of diverse groups.
  12. Encourage relevant Government departments to increase the number of public sector apprenticeships of women, Māori, Pacific people and people with disabilities. (McGregor & Gray, 2003, p. 4-5)

 

Appendix B: Trainees and apprentices

Female-dominated areas with less than 10 percent of male trainees are italicised; male-dominated areas with less than 10 percent of female trainees are bolded.
 

Table 6: Industry trainees by ITO and gender as at 30 September 2006

ITO

Numbers

% Women

Agriculture

6,235

23

Apparel and Textile

1,259

47

Aviation, Tourism and Travel

2,735

52

Boating

495

0.6

Building and Construction

8,418

0.3

Building Service Contractors

594

58

Community Support Services

7,409

96

Competenz1

13,103

19

Electricity Supply

3,612

5

Electrotechnology

8,299

29

Equine

250

48

Extractives

3,802

5

Fire and Rescue

2,266

7

Flooring

508

4

Forestry

11,253

9

Furniture

492

9

Hairdressing

1,523

94

Horticulture

1,669

25

Hospitality

8,744

60

Infratrain2

2,164

3

Joinery

860

4

Local Government

461

32

Motor

4,058

2

NZITO3

12,493

22

Painting

850

5

Pharmacy

85

96

Plastics

631

11

Plumbing and Gasfitting

1,677

0.2

Opportunity Training4

746

1

Printing

565

9

Public Sector

3,175

61

Retail

1,430

53

Retail Meat

438

12

Road Transport

5,254

10

Seafood

3,387

31

Sport, Fitness and Recreation

3,250

52

Sports Turf

376

4

Te Kaiawhina Ahumahi

638

77

Grand total

125,204

28
  1. Engineering food and manufacturing industries
  2. Infrastructure contracting industries
  3. Dairy, meat, and leather processing industries
  4. Crane, scaffolding, rigging, industrial rope access, and elevating work platform industries

 

Table 7: Modern Apprentices by industry and gender as at 30 September 2006

Industry

Numbers

% Women

Aeronautical engineering

78

3

Agriculture

550

16

Architectural Aluminium

5

0

Bakery

204

25

Boat-building

328

0.3

Building and Construction

1,403

0.4

Contracting

205

4

Dairy Manufacturing

13

15

Electricity Supply

413

5

Electrotechnology

649

1

Engineering

1,422

0.9

Extractives

31

0

Flooring

205

0.5

Food Processing

4

25

Forestry

420

7

Furniture

80

5

Horticulture

629

21

Hospitality

335

37

Joinery

133

4

Motor Engineering

1,085

3

Painting and Decorating

125

7

Plastics

43

2

Plumbing

192

0.5

Printing

163

8

Public Sector

156

74

Retail

95

47

Road Transport

205

22

Seafood

12

50

Sports Turf

97

1

Tourism

75

81

Grand total

9,355

9

 

 

Appendix C: Information sheet


[NZCER letterhead]

PO Box 3237, Wellington 6140
New Zealand
Education House
178-182 Willis Street
Telephone: +64 4 384 7939
Fax: +64 4 384 7933
Email: firstname.surname@nzcer.org.nz 

 
[Date]

Dear Student / Trainee / Employee / Apprentice

We would like to invite you to take part in a research study about how different things (especially being male or female) can influence young people’s career decisions or experiences in trades-related training or jobs.

We are a team of researchers from the New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER). We’d like to talk with young people who are in trades-related courses at school, doing or recently finished tertiary trades training, or have changed from doing a trades training course or job.

The information sheet on the back of this page tells you about how you can be involved, what you get in return, and your rights. This will help you decide if you want to take part – we hope you do!

If you would like to take part, please fill out the Consent Form and send it back to us in the envelope provided or give it back to the person who gave it to you. Then we will get in touch with you to organise a time to meet.

Please keep this letter/information sheet somewhere safe.
 

Yours sincerely

 

Karen Vaughan, project leader and senior researcher


On behalf of the research team:
Josie Roberts, researcher
Keren Brooking, senior researcher
Ben Gardiner, research assistant
Cathy Lythe, project co-ordinator

 

Gender and Young People’s Career Decision-Making
INFORMATION SHEET

NZCER is doing a study how different things (especially being male or female) can influence young people’s career decisions or experiences in trades-related training or jobs. This information sheet asks you to consider taking part in the study. The study is funded by Ministry of Women’s Affairs.

What would you have to do?

You would be in 1 or 2 different discussion groups with other young people similar to you:

  • either all-female or all-male, AND
  • either all secondary school students, all people in training courses, all people who have finished training courses, or all people who started training in one area and changed to something else.

The 1st group (around September and October 2007) will have up to 6 people and take about 1.5 hours. We will ask you about your experiences choosing and being in your course or job. There are no right or wrong answers. There will be two researchers in the group, and one will take notes and use a tape recorder.

The 2nd group (around February 2008) will be larger and take about 1.5 hours. We will tell you what we think we have found out from talking with your group and other young people and ask for your opinions or suggestions about the draft findings. We will include what you think in our final analysis and report to the Ministry of Women’s Affairs.

If you want to take part, but not in a discussion group, we may be able to talk to you privately instead. And you can still be part of the 1st group, even if you can’t, or don’t want to, be part of the 2nd group.
 

What will you get in return?

We think you will enjoy meeting other young people and talking about your course or job choices. Your views and experiences will influence what we report, and may influence policies for or about young people entering training or jobs in the future.

We will give you a $30 CD voucher for the 1st group and a meal at the 2nd group. This is our koha or appreciation of the time you will be spending with us and letting us hear about your life.

What are your rights?

You do not have to answer any questions if you feel uncomfortable. All the discussions will be confidential so only the researchers and other people in your group will know what you said.

If we want to write something about you individually, we will change your name and any details that might identify you so nobody will know it is you. You can change your mind about taking part at any time, and you do not have to give us a reason.
 

Who can answer questions?

You can contact Karen Vaughan, the leader of this study:
Email karen.vaughan@nzcer.org.nz Phone (04) 802-1455 

You can also contact Cathy Lythe, the study co-ordinator:
Email cathy.lythe@nzcer.org.nz Phone (04) 802-1460 

You can find further information about NZCER, this study, and our researchers here: www.nzcer.org.nz


 

 

Appendix D: Interview and focus group schedule


Question

 

One

 Thinking back to your childhood, what did you want to be when you grew up, and what happened to that dream?

P What attracted you to that job?

P Did you follow it up?


What we are looking for
• Early considerations about occupations and gender.
• ‘Critical moments’ (events, times) that encouraged or discouraged people

Two

 What were the things you wanted to be? What happened to make you follow that ambition / give up that dream?

P Was there a time when you realised you were really into this or wanted what it could offer?

P Was there a time when you felt you would/could never do this?

P How did other people react when you told them?

P Have you ever wanted to do a job that was different from the kinds of jobs that most males/females choose? Who did you tell? What was their reaction?


What we are looking for
• See Question One 

Three

 What attracted you into this training / job?

P Long-standing passion

P Job security (‘having a trade’) or job portability

P Chance to explore

P Knowing others in job

P To be ‘different’

P Lifestyle, flexibility, money


What we are looking for
• How whatever attracted them relates to other structures in society (gender, ethnicity, class, family background etc)

Four

What did you know about this training / job before you started it?

P Who gave advice or information? (careers advisor, family, friends, school subject teacher, non-school guidance, advertising…)

P Did anyone help you think about school subjects for this type of work?

P Did you consider any other way of getting into this type of work? (e.g. on-the-job or through polytech; working way up in company)

 

What we are looking for
• Information people had or used, and where they got it from
• Also: was gender a consideration? (i.e. if someone knew there wouldn’t be any other females onsite) 

Five

Have you found anything different from what you initially expected from this course/job? (if so, what?)

P Any good surprises?

P Any bad surprises?

 

What we are looking for
• Any unexpected realities (benefits, drawbacks)
• How descriptions might fit within gendered narratives (e.g. females-caring; males-strength)

Six

Before you started this course/job, had you known anyone in training or a job that was not traditional for their gender?

P What did you think about them and their choice?

P Do you think knowing them made any difference to your choices?

P What’s their reaction to your choice now?


What we are looking for
• Early considerations about occupations and gender (role models)

Seven

What do people in your family think about what you do? Friends? And people that you interact with (colleagues, boss, tutor, customers)?

Eight

Things that make you stay/leave?

P Best things/hardest things?

Nine

What do you think is the percentage of males and females in each?
 

What we are looking for
• What people already know about gender segregated occupations and how they rationalise the idea 

Ten

Are these numbers similar to what you thought? Why do you think there are these differences/similarities in numbers?

Eleven

Which of these occupations are the most appealing (to you? To society? Has the highest status in society?) Why?


What we are looking for
• Which (perceived) occupational attributes are valued today (and why)? (doctors may no longer top the list…) 

Twelve

What kind of man/woman do you think you need to be to do this job? (skills, personal characteristics)

P What do you think happens on an average day in these jobs?

P What would be the best/hardest thing in this job?

 

What we are looking for
• What do people know or think they know about job requirements? Is that gendered? 

Thirteen

Do you think there are any differences in the way that males and females are treated in trades-related jobs today?

P Do you think males and females have different skills or interests or jobs they are more suited to?

P How do you think males and females are encouraged or discouraged into (trades-related?) jobs as grow up?

P How do you think things are different/similar from when your parents or grandparents were your age?


What we are looking for
• How do people perceive job-related gender equality, and any shifts?

Fourteen

Do you think there is anything that might help other [males or females] get into, or stay in, this training or job?

 

What we are looking for
• Any theorising beyond the individual’s situation to a broader picture 

Published in 2008
Ministry of Women’s Affairs
PO Box 10049
Wellington 6143
New Zealand
Ph:  04 9157112
Fax: 04 9161604
mwa@mwa.govt.nz
www.mwa.govt.nz 

ISBN 978-0-478-25235-4 – print
ISBN 978-0-478-25236-1 – digital

 

 

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